Understanding Lymphedema
Lymphedema is a condition characterized by swelling, usually in an extremity, due to fluid accumulation when the lymph vascular system cannot perform its reabsorption and transport functions. It can occur when lymphatic vessels are absent, underdeveloped, obstructed, or damaged.
Treatment of Lymphedema
Prompt treatment is crucial for managing lymphedema and involves reducing swelling and facilitating lymph fluid flow to the venous circulation. The most effective method used in many European countries is Combined or Complex Decongestive Therapy (CDT), a comprehensive four-step process conducted over four weeks. CDT includes:
- Lymphatic Therapy: MLD sessions (once or twice a day) to remove excess fluid and protein, stimulating lymphatic activity to drain affected areas.
- Compression Therapy: Precise bandaging of the affected limb after each session using specialized bandages and materials.
- Remedial Exercises and Breathing Techniques: Exercises to promote venous and lymphatic flow by activating muscle and joint pumps.
- Skin Care and Hygiene: Using antibacterial washes and neutral pH lotions to minimize bacterial and fungal growth, reducing the risk of cellulitis and lymphangitis.
Self-Care After Treatment
After completing clinic treatment, patients must continue exercises and breathing techniques. Daily use of a correctly fitted compression sleeve or stocking is essential. Self-bandaging should be done each night before bed, and monthly check-ups are recommended for ongoing assessment, along with garment replacement every 3-6 months due to loss of elasticity.